Wills, Trusts, and Estates

Wills, Trusts, and Estates

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This year could be considered quiet in both legislative and judicial activity, lacking as it was in any substantial new legislative enactments or major opinions from the Supreme Court of Virginia on core wealth transfer issues.

Nevertheless, a set of modest legislative changes helped bring the rules for revocable trusts in line
with the rules for wills, standardizing estate planning and wealth transfer regulation, while other changes also brought clarity to existing rules by amplifying procedures and providing additional detail for administrative processes.

In the judicial setting, while guidance for this practice area was primarily provided by the Court of
Appeals of Virginia, the cases covered a wide array of topics, like rights to an accounting, the role of the Commissioner, and no contest clauses. A large concentration of the judicial matters also flagged the numerous issues that can arise when leaving property and residence rights to individuals through an estate plan.

Allison A. Tait *

Hunter M. Glenn **

* Professor of Law, University of Richmond School of Law, Richmond, Virginia. J.D., 2011, Yale Law School; Ph.D., Yale University; B.A., Bryn Mawr.

** Associate, McGuireWoods LLP, Charlottesville, Virginia. J.D., 2017, University of Richmond School of Law; B.A., 2013, Furman University.

 

The Case for Specialty Dockets: The Intersection of Judicial Intervention, Psychiatric Hospitalization and Involuntary Commitments, Community-Based Services, and Public Safety

The Case for Specialty Dockets: The Intersection of Judicial Intervention, Psychiatric Hospitalization and Involuntary Commitments, Community-Based Services, and Public Safety

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One need only look to the research and recommendations regarding the involuntary commitment process, psychiatric hospitalizations, and CSBs to see how the last thirty years of recommendations have signaled the future importance of Specialty Dockets.

The Joint Legislative and Audit Review Commission (“JLARC”) was created in 1973 as part of the legislative branch of state government to research into particular areas of need and evaluation in the Commonwealth. In this article, we utilize JLARC’s historical recommendations and apply them to the
function of Specialty Dockets, particularly in the behavioral health/mental health context. This Article focuses primarily on particular issue items in reports from JLARC and their roles in the intersection of civil involuntary commitment and criminal Specialty Dockets. 

The Honorable Jacqueline S. McClenney *

* The Honorable Jacqueline S. McClenney is the Chief Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit in Virginia, a University of Richmond School of Law Graduate, and the Presiding Judge for the Circuit Court Behavioral Health Docket. I am grateful to Kelly O’Brien, judicial law clerk (2023–2024) and summer intern Jordan Narcisse for their research and assistance. Thank you to the staff and participants of the Behavioral Health Docket whose commitment to service and growth are the inspiration for this Article.

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

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Caleb C. Briggs *

* J.D., 2024, University of Richmond School of Law; B.A., 2020, University of Virginia.

 

Choice of Law and the After-Acquired Domicile

Choice of Law and the After-Acquired Domicile

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The wheels of justice move slowly. There is usually a significant lapse of time between the underlying factual events prompting a dispute, the filing of a lawsuit, and an ultimate judgment. During this significant temporal lag, it is not uncommon for parties to a dispute to move to a new state and establish a new domicile. This move can complicate a choice of law analysis. Modern choice of law heavily emphasizes the domicile of the parties to a dispute. But which domicile counts: The pre-move or post-move domicile of the litigant? The black letter law has always assumed that the postmove domicile—the “after-acquired” domicile—does not count for choice of law purposes. But there are some cases that do consider the after-acquired domicile when doing a choice of law analysis. This Article examines the after-acquired domicile problem and offers a comprehensive solution to the issue.

Luke Meier *

* Professor of Law, Baylor Law School.

 

Immigration Enforcement Creep in Immigrant & Employee Rights

Immigration Enforcement Creep in Immigrant & Employee Rights

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As the only agency charged with enforcing the Immigration Reform and Control Act’s antidiscrimination provisions, the Immigrant and Employee Rights (“IER”) section of the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division plays an important role in protecting worker rights. Yet over the past decade, IER has moved from worker protection to immigration enforcement: a phenomenon this Article terms “immigration enforcement creep.”

This observation is based on ten years of data collected from IER’s settlement agreements, complaints filed, and telephone interventions. The data show that rather than protect noncitizen workers from unlawful discrimination, IER has moved its focus to enforcing immigration laws against employers who hire workers on temporary work visas. IER’s enforcement choices lead to underenforcement of the antidiscrimination provisions Congress charged it with enforcing. This Article ultimately concludes that this immigration enforcement creep goes against IER’s role as a worker protection agency and suggests principles of equitable enforcement that should guide its exercise of authority instead.

Angela D. Morrison *

* Professor of Law, Texas A&M University School of Law. 

 

An Unlikely Romance: The United States and Intermediated Markets

An Unlikely Romance: The United States and Intermediated Markets

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Americans are infatuated with the stock markets, and today’s stock markets are dominated by a small number of large institutions that manage enormous amounts of money. Those two facts are paradoxical given the history of stock markets in the United States. Modern stock markets in the United States are the consequence of federal legislation responding to widespread social and economic harm caused by the stock market crash of 1929. That legislation was designed to avoid the concentration of economic power in a small number of institutions. Despite those historical facts, over the past century, the centrality of the stock markets in the U.S. economy has steadily grown, and a handful of enormous institutions have come to manage an outsized portion of the money in those markets.

This Article explores the historical choices and forces that led us to this point. It describes the cultural and political forces that led U.S. lawmakers to favor market financing, at first reluctantly, but eventually unabashedly. It catalogs federal lawmaking around the securities markets over the near century between 1929 and today. This review of lawmaking uncovers how, over this time, lawmakers’ affinity for markets strengthened as their skepticism of institutions disappeared. It concludes that once policymaking embraced the capital markets, the development of investment intermediaries was
all but inevitable.

Emily Winston *

* Assistant Professor, University of South Carolina School of Law.